In this Blog I will give you some basic knowledge on Types of cement & it's Use...So it's very important for a student , Who faced an interview & a site engineer also.Without cement construction work is Incomplete, It play a vital role on any types of construction.

• Density of Cement -1440kg/㎥
• kg in 1 bag of cement - 50 kg 

• It is a binding material with Fine mineral powder, Which is use on construction.

Types of cement & It's Use / purpose :- 

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (o.p.c)
2. Rapid Hardening Portland Cement
3. Sulphate Resisting Cement
4. Low Heat Cement
5. Quick Setting Cement
6. Portland Pozzolana Cement (p.p.c)
7. High Alumina Cement 
8. Colored Cement
9. White Ordinary Portland Cement(w.o.p.c)
10. Air Entraining Cement
11. Hydrophobic Cement
12. Expansive Cement 

1. Lintel Thickness Should be -15 cm.
2. Minimum diameter of main bar & distribution bar in the Slab - 8 mm.
3. Maximum diameter of main bar & distribution bar is in the slab - 1/8 of slab thickness.
4. DPC ( damp proof coarse ) thickness should be - 2.5 cm. 
5. Minimum Plinth height should be  - 45 cm.
6. Maximum chair spacing should be - 1 meter. 
7. Minimum diameter reinforcement for Dowel should be - 12 mm. 
8. Diameter tolerance for cubes should be - ± 2 mm.
9. Maximum water observation for Bricks - 15 % - 20 %.
10. Building Height should be minimum(floor level - roof level) - 3.15 meter .
11. In stair case Riser height should be - 15 cm .
12. Compressive strength of bricks should be minimum - 3.5 n/㎟ .
13. Density of Bricks - 1600 - 1920 kg/㎥.
14. Minimum Thickness of Slab - 125 mm .

Clear Cover To Main Reinforcement -:

• Cover is Basically Two Types -

1. Clear cover .
2. Effective cover .

1. Footings : 50 mm
2. Raft Foundation(top) : 50 mm
3. Raft Foundation (Bottom) : 75 mm
4. Raft Foundation (Side) : 75 mm
5. Beam : 25 mm
6. Strap Beam : 50 mm
7. Column : 40 mm
8. Slab : 20 mm
9. Flat slab : 20 mm
10. Stair case : 20 mm
11. Retaining wall : 20 - 25 mm
12. Water Retaining Structures : 20-30 mm

There are different types concrete grades are  use on site such as -

• M5 - 1 : 5 : 10  { where m-mix ,  5- grades  &  three factors are (1,5,10) are aggrigates}
• M7/5 - 1 : 4 : 8
• M10 - 1 : 3 : 6
• M15 - 1 : 2 : 4

Grade of concrete ad mixture

• M20 - 1 : 1.5 : 3

standard grades of concrete 

• M25 - 1 : 1 : 2
• M30 - design mix
• M35 - design mix
• M40 - design mix
• M45 - design mix

High grade of concrete 

• M50 - design mix
• M55 - design mix
• M60 - design mix
• M65 - design mix
• M70 - design mix

what is Design mix ? if  you are notice! 

1. Nominal mix
2. Design mix

1. Nominal mix :- This is a ratio of cement, sand, aggrigate mix in, which it's quanty of ratio is fix. It start from M5 - M20 grade.
2. Design Mix :- This is the ratio of cement , sand & aggrigate in , which it's quantity of ratio is not fixed & this mix is make on laboratory.it start from M25-M70. & this grade  is use for given high strength to structure.    

       Now Let's Talk About Setting Time of concrete-

Required Curing Days

What is the meaning of Curing ?

Civil Engg Interview Question

1.What is the slpoe of stair case ?

ans-As per IS 456-2000,[25-40](degree).

2. Full form of 1(one) BHK ?

ans- 1 Bed room , 1 Hall , 1 Kitchen room.

3. Volume of cement Bag (50 kg) ?

ans- 0.347 meter.q OR 1.23 CFT.

4. Expair Date of cement ?

ans- 3 months.

5. Size of hook of angle ?

ans- Hook = 10D

      Angle = 135 (degree)=3d

                     90(degree)=2d

                     45(degree)=1d

6. Calculation weight of steel bar formula ?

ans- d Squre * L/162.2(where d=in mm ,L=Meter)

7. Why is foundation provided. what are types of foundation ?

ans-Foundation is provoded  to distribute the load of structure in the soil.

2 types 0f foundation --shallow & deep foudation.

8-Minimum grade of concrete use in RCC ?

ans- M20.

9- Shuttering Removing time (deshuttering) ?

ans- side of wall , column & other side of beam =24 to 48 hour

      -beam sofit = 7 days

      -slab = 3 days

      removal of props of slab 

       -span > 6m = 21 days

       -span <=6m=14 days

10 - What are the concrete tests happening on site ?

ans- slump test , compressive strength test ,water pumicability test , water absorption test.

11- What is the unit weight of steel ?

ans- the unit weight of steel is 78.5kg/meter .q

12. Unit weight of concrete ?

ans- RCC =25 KG/meter.q

       -PCC  =24 kg / meter.q

13- Compressive strength of bricks ?

ans- 1st class brick =105 kg/cmsqre

      -2nd class brick =70 kg/ cmsqre

      -3rd class brick =125 kg/cmsqre

14- Initial setting time of cement ? = 30 min

    - Final setting time of cementb ? = 90 min

15 -Curing method  ?

ans- spraying ,ponding , wet covering of surface , curingb chemicals , steam curing , sprinkling.

16- What is bleeding on concrete ?

ans- Bleeding is form of segrigation , in which water comes out to the surface of concrete.

17- why we do pile foundation ?

ans - Pile foundation is adopted when the soil bearing capacity is less than 24 kn/meter q.

18- Standard height of each floor ?

ans- 3meter.

19-what is guniting ? 

ans- It isb the process in which mixture of cement , sand propotion of 1:3 is shooted in concrete surface with the help of crum  pressere of 2 to 3 kg/cm sq.

20- what is the least count of thedolite & compass ?

ans- Thedolite =20 sec.

      - Compass = 30 min.

           THESE ARE THE MOST ASKED QUESTION IN L&T INTERVIEW

vertica shuttering

Horizzontal shuttering

FORMWORK:-


Basically we know form work means shuttering work but, It is not a shuttering work it actually  a temporary mold of wooden or M.S PLATE . fresh concrete to provide required shape size & strength to a structural member such as beam,column,slab etc.

BASICALLY FORMWORK 3 ( THREE) TYPES :-   

1. SHUTTERING
2. CENTERING
3. STAGGING                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                               

1:- SHUTTERING:- 

The formwork which is used vertical structural members such as columns, Rcc walls  etc, known as Shuttering.     

     

3:-STAGGING:- The form work which supports both shuttering & centering as per                                                         design propern position, such as steel pipes ,props, ballies etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Pipes,Props& Bolt

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 CONSTRUCTION SITE YOU SEE MANY TYPES OF SHUTTERING USED:-

Timber Shuttering

1:- TIMBER SHUTTERING                                                                                                                 

   

(a)-well seasoned.

(b)-light in weight.

(c)-Easily workable.

(d)-Free from looks knots.

2:-PLYWOOD SHUTTERING                                                                                                              

Plywood Shuttering

(a)-Smooth finish.

(b)-Saving in the labour cost of fixing & dismentaling.

(c)-Number of reuses are more.

3:-STEEL SHUTTERING

Steel Shuttering

(a)-Stronger,durable & have long life

(b)-Installed & Dismentaled with greater ease

(c)-Quality

(d)-Not absorb moisture

(e)-Not shrink or warp

             (KEEP LEARN & IMPROVE YOURSELF)             

• (FOR FRESHERS) :-           
•                         When a fresher engineer come at site 1st time he could't understand what is happening on site work..... Don't worry after passing 2-3 month you would understand. 

(Responsibility of a site engineer) :-

1. Firstly you have to check safty on construction site. Safty means (safty Helmet, safty shoes, safty belt etc) Always be wear on site. 
2. As a Site Engineer you have to check steel work (structure work) in Beam , Column& Slab etc. 
3. As a Site Engineer you have to check Shuttering work. 
4. As a site engineer you have to check levelling (to check the level advance instrument use like Total Station & Auto level). 

civil engineers